<p>Grasimile sunt bune pentru creier. De fapt grasimile dau satietate si gust mancarii, asigura absorbtia vitaminelor liposolubile, cresc leptina, ne ajuta sa slabim. Dietele cu putine grasimi cresc riscul de depresie si de suicid. In special cele cu putine grasimi saturate.</p>
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<p>http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200304/the-risks-low-fat-diets</p>
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<p>The Risks of Low-Fat Diets A diet low in fat and cholesterol may put you at risk for depression. By Hara Estroff Marano, published on April 29, 2003 &#8211; last reviewed on May 18, 2012<br />
It&#8217;s one of the most intriguing discoveries about diet. People who consume a diet low in fats and especially low in cholesterol are at risk for depression and suicide.</p>
<p>Eu am tot vorbit despre beneficiile grasimilor saturate si mitul colesterolului. De foarte mult timp.</p>
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<p>Beneficiile grasimilor saturate si mitul colesterolului</p><div class="amp-ad-wrapper amp_ad_1 ampforwp-incontent-custom-banner ampforwp-incontent-ad3"><amp-ad width="336" height="280" type="sulvo" data-ad="andreilaslau.ro_amp_display_336x280" class="demand-supply"></amp-ad></div>
<p>08 Aug 2006</p>
<p>Grasimile saturate si colesterolul au fost de-a lungul ultimilor ani blamate pentru epidemia de decese prin boala cardiovasculara. Sa vedem insa si cealalta jumatate a paharului, si dovezile din spatele , si anume cum ne influenteaza in bine viata grasimile saturate si colesterolul.</p>
<p>Grasimile saturate se gasesc in unt, lapte, carne, peste gras, ou (surse animale), dar si in nuca de cocos/uleiul de nuca de cocos (sursa vegetala). Rolurile lor sunt foarte importante in chimia corpului :<br />
-au gust bun si dau senzatia de satietate, reducand per ansamlu numarul caloriilor totale consumate ;<br />
ele alcatuiesc cel putin 50% din membrana celulara, asigurand celulelor integritate structurala si functionare optima;<br />
-sunt necesare pentru sanatatea sistemului osos. Pentru a asigura o buna includere a calciului in os 50% din grasimile din dieta ar trebui sa fie saturate (1);<br />
scad Lp(a), o substanta ce arata predispozitia si progresia spre boala coronariana;<br />
-protejeaza ficatul de diferite toxine(alcool, unele medicamente etc) (2) ;<br />
-sunt necesari pentru utilizarea adecvata a acizilor grasi esentiali! Acizii omega-3 sunt mult mai bine retinuti/procesati in tesuturi daca dieta este bogata in grasimi saturate.(3) ;<br />
-imbunatatesc functionarea sistemului imun (4);<br />
-acidul stearic (18 atomi de carbon) si palmitic (16 atomi de carbon) sunt hrana preferata a inimii. De fapt inima are in jurul ei o rezerva importanta de grasimi saturate.(5);<br />
-acizii grasi saturati cu lant scurt si mediu(MCT= trigliceride cu lant mediu) au importante proprietati antimicrobiene, protejand tractul digestiv de actiunea unor microorganisme daunatoare ;<br />
-dovezile stiintifice existente pana in prezent nu au reusit sa arate ca grasimile saturate sunt responsabile de boala de inima. De fapt placutele de aterom de pe vase contin doar 26% grasimi saturate , restul e grasime nesaturata, din care mai mult de 50% e polinesaturata (6) , * .</p>
<p>Colesterolul si beneficiile lui</p>
<p>Colesterolul este o molecula denumita si 3β-hidroxi-5-colesten.<br />
-organismul uman are 140g de colesterol din care doar 8 grame e prezent in plasma sub forma de LDL(lipoproteine cu densiatate mica), iar 1-2 grame din acest colesterol sunt reinnoite zilnic ( s-a studiat balanta colesterolului bazat pe eliminarea steroizilor prin fecale ) , 1 gram provenind din sitenza endogena, colesterolul ingerat din alimente nedepasind 0,6 grame ( surse : creier 3 g/100g , galbenus 1,7 g/100g , rinichi 0,35g/100g , ficat 0,25 g/100g , unt 0,3 /100g , untura de porc 0,1g/100g ) ;<br />
-este principalul constituent al membranelor celulare si al liporpoteinelor plasmatice, contribuie la reglarea fluiditatii membranelor (are caracter amfipatic) ;<br />
creierul uman, indeosebi substanta alba, este foarte bogat in colesterol liber . Continutul in colesterol al creierului si nervilor creste in perioada de mielinizare si ramane constant tot restul vietii.<br />
-ficatul, glandele corticosuprarenale si gonadele(testicul/ovar) contin si ele o mare cantitate de colesterol;<br />
Lipoproteinele plasmatice contin si ele colesterol, in proportii variabile, acesta reprezentand o forma de transport intre diverse compartimente ( intestin-ficat-tesuturi ).<br />
-Colesterolul este precursorul hormonilor sexuali/corticosuprarenalieni, al acizilor biliari si al vitaminei D3.</p>
<p>-Colesterolul si grasimile saturate asigura rigiditate/stabilitate/fluiditate membranelor celulare. Excesul de grasimi polinesaurate din dieta ( mai ales grasimi trans ) inlocuiasc grasimile saturate din perete, acesta pierzandu-si rigiditatea, atat de mult incat se poate fisura pe alocuri. Aici intervine colesterolul ce acopera microfisurile din membranele celulare/ peretii vasculari etc. Acesta este motivul scaderii temporare a colesterolului cand se inlocuiesc grasimile saturate din dieta cu grasimi polinesaturate.(7)</p><div class="b03d97280e765d707d336f444dd9d428" data-index="5" style="float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;">
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<p>Colesterolul este :<br />
-precursorul corticosteroizilor, hormoni ce protejeaza organismul de stress-uri puternice ;<br />
-precursorul steroizilor /androgenilor cu implicatii in functiile, caracteristicile si comportamentele sexuale masculine si feminine ;<br />
-precursorul vitaminei D, o vitamina necesara pentru sanatatea oaselor, sistemului nervos, cresterii corecte, metabolismului mineral, tonusului muscular, producerii insulinei, reproducerii si functionarii optime a sistemului imun, protectiei importiva anumitor cancere ;<br />
-precursorul acizilor biliari/sarurilor biliare, elemente vitale in digestia si absorbtia grasimilor si vitaminelor liposolubile (A,D,E,K);<br />
-un antioxidant ce protejeaza de radicalii liberi ce duc la boala de inima si cancer ;<br />
-necesar in functionarea receptorilor serotoninei (iar nivele scazute de colesterol plasmatice sunt asociate frecvent cu depresie, agresivitate, violenta , tentative de suicid) ;<br />
-necesar in mentinerea sanatatii peretelui intestina l; (9)</p>
<p>Dietele vegetariene foarte sarace in colesterol pot conduce la permeabilitate intestinala( leaky gut syndrome) si alte disfunctii intestinale ;<br />
prezent din abundenta in laptele de mama si asigura dezvoltarea optima a sistemului nervos la bebelus.</p>
<p>Colesterolul nu este cauza bolii de inima. El este un puternic antioxindat. El asigura repararea peretelui arterial lezat (placutele de aterom contin foarte putin colesterol ). Cu toate acestea, ca orice grasime, si colesterolul poate fi OXIDAT prin expunere la caldura si oxiden. Acest colesterol oxidat, (gasit din abundenta in laptele praf, carnurile procesate la temperaturi inalte) poate produce leziuni celulare la nivelul peretelui arterial, ducand la formarea patologica a placutelor de aterom. (10)</p>
<p>Colesterolul este necesar pentru corp si creste mai ales atunci cand acesta este expus la factori cauzatori de leziuni celulare (grasime trans, radicali liberi etc). Criminalul nu este colesterolul, el este politia care incearca sa protejeze un corp malnutrit (atentie, obezitatea e malnutritie) care are tendinta de a degenera in boli de inima/cancer. A incrimina colesterolul pentru boala de inima este ca si cum am invinovati de problemele in trafic numarul mare de politisti intr-o zona unde crimele sunt frecvente.</p>
<p>BIBLIOGRAFIE</p>
<p>*http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/vol295/issue6/index.dtl (studii recente ce infirma conexiunea grasimi alimentare , colesterol cancer de san, colon si boala de inima)</p>
<p>http://www.ravnskov.nu/weblit.htm#052 ( bibliografia online de unde au fost preluate doar referintele relevante pentru articol)</p><div class="amp-ad-wrapper amp_ad_1 ampforwp-incontent-custom-banner ampforwp-incontent-ad1"><amp-ad width="336" height="280" type="sulvo" data-ad="andreilaslau.ro_amp_display_336x280" class="demand-supply"></amp-ad></div>
<p>1. Watkins, B A, et al, &#8222;Importance of Vitamin E in Bone Formation and in Chrondrocyte Function&#8221; Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, AOCS Proceedings, 1996; Watkins, B A, and M F Seifert, &#8222;Food Lipids and Bone Health,&#8221; Food Lipids and Health, R E McDonald and D B Min, eds, p 101, Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, NY, 1996</p>
<p>2. Dahlen, G H, et al, J Intern Med, Nov 1998, 244(5):417-24; Khosla, P, and K C Hayes, J Am Coll Nutr, 1996, 15:325-339; Clevidence, B A, et al, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1997, 17:1657-1661</p>
<p>4. Nanji, A A, et al, Gastroenterology, Aug 1995, 109(2):547-54; Cha, Y S, and D S Sachan, J Am Coll Nutr, Aug 1994, 13(4):338-43; Hargrove, H L, et al, FASEB Journal, Meeting Abstracts, Mar 1999, #204.1, p A222.</p>
<p>3. Kabara, J J, The Pharmacological Effects of Lipids, The American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, IL, 1978, 1-14; Cohen, L A, et al, J Natl Cancer Inst, 1986, 77:43</p>
<p>5. Garg, M L, et al, FASEB Journal, 1988, 2:4:A852; Oliart Ros, R M, et al, &#8222;Meeting Abstracts,&#8221; AOCS Proceedings, May 1998, 7, Chicago, IL</p>
<p>Lawson, L D and F Kummerow, Lipids, 1979, 14:501-503; Garg, M L, Lipids, Apr 1989, 24(4):334-9</p>
<p>6. Felton, C V, et al, Lancet, 1994, 344:1195</p>
<p>7. Jones, P J, Am J Clin Nutr, Aug 1997, 66(2):438-46; Julias, A D, et al, J Nutr, Dec 1982, 112(12):2240-9</p>
<p>Jones, P J, Am J Clin Nutr, Aug 1997, 66(2):438-46; Julias, A D, et al, J Nutr, Dec 1982, 112(12):2240-9</p>
<p>8. Engelberg, Hyman, Lancet, Mar 21, 1992, 339:727-728; Wood, W G, et al, Lipids, Mar 1999, 34(3):225-234</p>
<p>9. Alfin-Slater, R B, and L Aftergood, &#8222;Lipids,&#8221; Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 6th ed, R S Goodhart and M E Shils, eds, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1980, 134</p>
<p>10. Addis, Paul, Food and Nutrition News, March/April 1990, 62:2:7-10</p>
<p>Articolul a fost publicat deja pe un alt site pe 06.08.2006<br />
In principiu articolul meu se poate actualiza si completa, au mai aparut unele studii recente care coreleaza un colesterol mic cu o mortalitate mare .</p>
<p>Un singur exemplu Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2007 Jan;62(1):39-46. [Estimation of effect of lipid lowering treatment on total mortality rate and its cost-effectiveness determined by intervention study of hypercholesterolemia]</p>
<p>ONCLUSIONS: TC level reduction from 240-259 mg/dl to 160-199 mg/dl leads to an increase in total mortality rate in the Japanese population. The treatment should be reevaluated from both viewpoints of risk benefit and cost-effectiveness.</p>
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