Infarctul miocardic – cauze, simptome, tratament si complicatii

<p>Infarctul miocardic&comma; numit frecvent și atac de cord&comma; este întreruperea fluxului sangvin la nivelul unei porțiuni a cordului&comma; ce determin&abreve; moartea celulelor miocardice&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;92 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad68336 " id&equals;"quads-ad68336" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;padding&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;" data-lazydelay&equals;"3000">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-ad-label quads-ad-label-new">Advertisement<&sol;div><&excl;-- responsive 1 -->&NewLine;<script async src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;securepubads&period;g&period;doubleclick&period;net&sol;tag&sol;js&sol;gpt&period;js"><&sol;script>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1">&NewLine; <script>&NewLine; window&period;googletag &equals; window&period;googletag &vert;&vert; &lbrace; cmd&colon; &lbrack;&rsqb; &rcub;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &lbrace;&NewLine; var slot &equals; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;23293390090&sol;andreilaslau&period;ro&sol;andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&comma; 'andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine;&NewLine; var mapping1 &equals; googletag&period;sizeMapping&lpar;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;980&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;750&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;320&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;build&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine;&NewLine; slot&period;defineSizeMapping&lpar;mapping1&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;enableServices&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;display&lpar;'andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;1'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rcub;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; <&sol;script>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Cel mai frecvent se produce prin obstrucția unei artere coronare în urma rupturii unei pl&abreve;ci de aterom&comma; care este un depozit de lipide și celule albe &lpar;în special macrofage&rpar; la nivelul peretelui arterial&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;92 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad68337 " id&equals;"quads-ad68337" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;padding&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;" data-lazydelay&equals;"3000">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-ad-label quads-ad-label-new">Advertisement<&sol;div><&excl;-- responsive 2 -->&NewLine;<script async src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;securepubads&period;g&period;doubleclick&period;net&sol;tag&sol;js&sol;gpt&period;js"><&sol;script>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2">&NewLine; <script>&NewLine; window&period;googletag &equals; window&period;googletag &vert;&vert; &lbrace; cmd&colon; &lbrack;&rsqb; &rcub;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &lbrace;&NewLine; var slot &equals; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;23293390090&sol;andreilaslau&period;ro&sol;andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&comma; 'andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine;&NewLine; var mapping2 &equals; googletag&period;sizeMapping&lpar;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;980&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;750&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;320&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;build&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine;&NewLine; slot&period;defineSizeMapping&lpar;mapping2&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;enableServices&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;display&lpar;'andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;2'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rcub;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; <&sol;script>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Cauzele infarctului miocardic<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>In cele mai multe dintre cazuri&comma; etiologia infarctului miocardic este reprezentata de ateroscleroza&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;92 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad68338 " id&equals;"quads-ad68338" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;padding&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;" data-lazydelay&equals;"3000">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-ad-label quads-ad-label-new">Advertisement<&sol;div><&excl;-- responsive 3 -->&NewLine;<script async src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;securepubads&period;g&period;doubleclick&period;net&sol;tag&sol;js&sol;gpt&period;js"><&sol;script>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3">&NewLine; <script>&NewLine; window&period;googletag &equals; window&period;googletag &vert;&vert; &lbrace; cmd&colon; &lbrack;&rsqb; &rcub;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &lbrace;&NewLine; var slot &equals; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;23293390090&sol;andreilaslau&period;ro&sol;andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&comma; 'andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine;&NewLine; var mapping3 &equals; googletag&period;sizeMapping&lpar;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;980&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;750&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;468&comma; 60&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;addSize&lpar;&lbrack;320&comma; 0&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;336&comma; 280&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;320&comma; 50&rsqb;&comma; &lbrack;300&comma; 250&rsqb;&comma; 'fluid'&rsqb;&rpar;&NewLine; &period;build&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine;&NewLine; slot&period;defineSizeMapping&lpar;mapping3&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; slot&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;enableServices&lpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; googletag&period;display&lpar;'andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;responsive&lowbar;3'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rcub;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; <&sol;script>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Pe scurt&comma; ateroscleroza reprezinta o afectiune a peretilor vaselor sangvine care&comma; in timp&comma; conduce la reducerea diametrului vasului de sange pana la infundarea acestuia&period;<&sol;p><div class&equals;"amp-ad-wrapper amp&lowbar;ad&lowbar;1 ampforwp-incontent-custom-banner ampforwp-incontent-ad3"><amp-ad width&equals;"336" height&equals;"280" type&equals;"sulvo" data-ad&equals;"andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;amp&lowbar;display&lowbar;336x280" class&equals;"demand-supply"><&sol;amp-ad><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>Aceste depuneri de placi ateromatoase pot cauza complicatii precum&colon; angina pectorala&comma; infarctul miocardic&comma; accidentul cerebral etc&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Factorii precipitanti ai atacului de cord sunt adrenalina&comma; stresul emotional&comma; exercitiile fizice de lunga durata&comma; privarea de somn si supraalimentatia&comma; consumul de cocaina si nicotina&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Cauza principala a infarctului si anginei este boala coronariana&period; Aceasta isi face aparitia cand placile aeromatoase se formeaza de-a lungul peretilor interni ai arterelor coronare&comma; provocand incetarea fluxului sangvin spre inima&period; Aceasta boala debuteaza in general in adolescenta si are o dezvoltare lenta&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Hipertensiunea arteriala&comma; valorile crescute de colesterol si fumatul provoaca deteriorarea arterelor si creste riscul aparitiei infarctului&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Trombonul format pe placile de aterom fisurate sau rupte pot duce la diminuarea fluxului sangvin si cauzeaza angina&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Ateroscleroza&comma; cocaina&comma; stresul emotional si vremea rece pot duce la spasme arteriale si angina&comma; semn care arata iminenta unui infarct&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Simptomele infarctului miocardic<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Durerea in piept aparuta subit nu este singurul semn al infarctului miocardic&period; Pentru a preveni sau identifica la timp atacul de cord&comma; este necesar sa cunoasteti si celelalte simptome&comma; mai subtile&comma; pentru a apela in timp util la serviciile de urgenta&period; In caz contrar&comma; viata este pusa in pericol&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p> Durerea la nivelul umarului sau al maxilarului<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Unele persoane au simtit&comma; inaintea unui atac de cord&comma; durere in zona gatului sau au avut impresia ca aceasta a iradiat catre maxilar&comma; barbie sau urechi&comma; in timp ce alti pacienti au resimtit durerea numai in umar&comma; antebrate sau coate&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Alarmante sunt durerile care apar si dispar brusc&comma; nu cele care persista&period; In plus&comma; este bine de stiut ca disconfortul poate dura de la cateva secunde la cateva minute sau chiar ore&comma; dar medicul trebuie anuntat din prima clipa&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p> Starea de oboseala<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Oboseala nejustificata poate fi provocata si de hipertensiune arteriala sau diverse afectiuni cardiace&comma; asa ca nu ar strica sa faceti un set complet de analize pentru a va asigura ca totul este in regula&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Studiile au aratat ca 70&percnt; dintre persoanele care au suferit un atac de cord s-au confruntat cu o stare accentuata de slabiciune&comma; cu saptamani sau chiar luni inainte de nefericitul incident&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p> Senzatia de picioare umflate<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Specialistii au determinat o legatura si intre muschiul inimii si picioarele umflate&period; Mai exact&comma; se pare ca atunci cand miocardul nu mai functioneaza corect&comma; circulatia sangvina este afectata&comma; fapt ce duce la retentia de lichide si aparitia edemelor&period; Prima oara se umfla talpile&comma; apoi gleznele si gambele&comma; acestea fiind principalele zone cu circulatie sangvina deficitara&period;<&sol;p><div class&equals;"b03d97280e765d707d336f444dd9d428" data-index&equals;"5" style&equals;"float&colon; none&semi; margin&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi; text-align&colon;center&semi;">&NewLine;<div data-type&equals;"&lowbar;mgwidget" data-widget-id&equals;"1671590"> &NewLine;<&sol;div> &NewLine;<script>&lpar;function&lpar;w&comma;q&rpar;&lbrace;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&equals;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&vert;&vert;&lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&period;push&lpar;&lbrack;"&lowbar;mgc&period;load"&rsqb;&rpar;&rcub;&rpar;&lpar;window&comma;"&lowbar;mgq"&rpar;&semi; &NewLine;<&sol;script> &NewLine; &NewLine; &NewLine; <script id&equals;"&lowbar;vidverto-362eafc0ba2cb293c4d0e2c47c8d893c">&excl;function&lpar;v&comma;t&comma;o&rpar;&lbrace;var a&equals;t&period;createElement&lpar;"script"&rpar;&semi;a&period;src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;ad&period;vidverto&period;io&sol;vidverto&sol;js&sol;aries&sol;v1&sol;invocation&period;js"&comma;a&period;setAttribute&lpar;"fetchpriority"&comma;"high"&rpar;&semi;var r&equals;v&period;top&semi;r&period;document&period;head&period;appendChild&lpar;a&rpar;&comma;v&period;self&excl;&equals;&equals;v&period;top&&&lpar;v&period;frameElement&period;style&period;cssText&equals;"width&colon;0px&excl;important&semi;height&colon;0px&excl;important&semi;"&rpar;&comma;r&period;aries&equals;r&period;aries&vert;&vert;&lbrace;&rcub;&comma;r&period;aries&period;v1&equals;r&period;aries&period;v1&vert;&vert;&lbrace;commands&colon;&lbrack;&rsqb;&rcub;&semi;var c&equals;r&period;aries&period;v1&semi;c&period;commands&period;push&lpar;&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar;&lbrace;var d&equals;document&period;getElementById&lpar;"&lowbar;vidverto-362eafc0ba2cb293c4d0e2c47c8d893c"&rpar;&semi;d&period;setAttribute&lpar;"id"&comma;&lpar;d&period;getAttribute&lpar;"id"&rpar;&plus;&lpar;new Date&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&period;getTime&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;var t&equals;v&period;frameElement&vert;&vert;d&semi;c&period;mount&lpar;"10405"&comma;t&comma;&lbrace;width&colon;720&comma;height&colon;405&rcub;&rpar;&rcub;&rpar;&rpar;&rcub;&lpar;window&comma;document&rpar;&semi;<&sol;script>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p> Disconfortul digestiv<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Exista si pacienti care s-au plans de disconfort la nivelul stomacului&period; Daca atacul de cord este preintampinat de manifestari ce mimeaza o afectiune digestiva &lpar;de exemplu&comma; greata sau varsaturi&rpar;&comma; confuzia bolnavului si&comma; din pacate&comma; in unele cazuri chiar si a medicului&comma; este mare&period;<&sol;p><div class&equals;"amp-ad-wrapper amp&lowbar;ad&lowbar;1 ampforwp-incontent-custom-banner ampforwp-incontent-ad1"><amp-ad width&equals;"336" height&equals;"280" type&equals;"sulvo" data-ad&equals;"andreilaslau&period;ro&lowbar;amp&lowbar;display&lowbar;336x280" class&equals;"demand-supply"><&sol;amp-ad><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>Asadar&comma; in situatia in care crampele abdominale puternice sau celelalte semne mentionate apar brusc&comma; fara sa fie cauzate de ceva ce ati mancat&comma; este cazul sa chemati imediat salvarea&period; In general&comma; femeile cu varste peste 60 de ani se pot confrunta cu simptome digestive in caz de infarct&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p> Senzatia de sufocare in lipsa efortului fizic<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Alte simptome care pot da de banuit sunt&colon; senzatia lipsei de aer&comma; sufocarea&comma; palpitatiile insotite sau nu de transpiratii&comma; senzatia de ameteala&comma; de pierderea cunostintei&comma; culminand cu stop cardio-respirator&period; Aceste tulburari trebuie sa va puna in garda cu atat mai mult cu cat nu sunt rezultatul unui efort fizic&comma; ci apar din senin<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Diagnosticul atacului de cord<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Electrocardiograma &lpar;masurarea impulsurilor electrice ale inimii&rpar; poate identifica zona musculara moarta sau privata de oxigen&period; Modificarile electrocardiografice clasifica infarctul miocardic in infarct miocardic cu supradenivelare de segment ST &lpar;in care artera este partial blocata&rpar;&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Electrocardiograma&lpar;EKG&comma; ECG&rpar; pune in evidenta inclusiv atacurile de cord vechi&comma; dar pot fi si exceptii&colon; infarcte fara modificari ale traseului EKG&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Analizele de sange masoara enzimele cardiace eliberate de muschiul necrozat&colon; creatin fosfochinaza &lpar;CPK&rpar;&comma; troponina si creatin kinaza&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Testele sanguine efectuate pe parcursul a 24 de ore dupa ce a avut loc atacul de cord confirma diagnosticul si coreleaza cantitatea de muschi mort cu variatiile cantitative ale enzimelor&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Unele cazuri cer si alte investigatii pentru clarificarea diagnosticului sau a complicatiilor&colon; ecocardiograma &lpar;scanarea cu ultrasunete a inimii&rpar; sau scintigrafia miocardica de perfuzie &lpar;tehnica de explorare a perfuziei miocardice cu ajutorul unui farmaceutic &rpar;&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Tratamentul infarctului miocardic<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>In cazul unui infarct miocardic se efectueaza coronarografia de urgenta&comma; care&comma; in functie de gradul de stenozare&comma; se poate transforma in angioplastie coronariana &lpar;dilatarea cu balon a vasului afectat sau prin implantare de stent&rpar;&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>In functie de gravitatea stenozei&comma; se va efectua bypassul coronarian de urgenta &lpar;operatie clasica pe cord deschis ce implica recoltarea unei vene sau artere sanatoase din alta parte a corpului care&comma; mai apoi&comma; va fi grefata pe artera bolnava&rpar;&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Infarctul miocardic necesita interventia de urgenta&period; Angioplastia&comma; medicamentele si procedeele chirurgicale de restaurare a fluxului sangvin previn lezarea permanenta a miocardului si ajuta la salvarea vietii bolnavului&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Anumite medicamente impiedica formarea de trombi si reduc riscul aparitiei anginei instabile sau riscul evolutiei acesteia in atac de cord&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Aceste medicamente sunt&colon; aspirina&comma; antiagregatii plachetari&comma; anticoagulantii&comma; nitrati&comma; beta blocantii&comma; inhibitorii de glicoproteina&comma; blocantii canalelor de calciu si inhibitorii enzimei de conversie a angiotensinei&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Surse selective&colon; www&period;farmaciata&period;ro<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>bodygeek&period;ro<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>ro&period;wikipedia&period;org<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>www&period;csid&period;ro<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>www&period;divahair&period;ro<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"b03d97280e765d707d336f444dd9d428" data-index&equals;"3" style&equals;"float&colon; none&semi; margin&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi; text-align&colon;center&semi;">&NewLine;<div data-type&equals;"&lowbar;mgwidget" data-widget-id&equals;"1603935"> &NewLine;<&sol;div> &NewLine;<script>&lpar;function&lpar;w&comma;q&rpar;&lbrace;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&equals;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&vert;&vert;&lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;w&lbrack;q&rsqb;&period;push&lpar;&lbrack;"&lowbar;mgc&period;load"&rsqb;&rpar;&rcub;&rpar;&lpar;window&comma;"&lowbar;mgq"&rpar;&semi; &NewLine;<&sol;script> &NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<div style&equals;"font-size&colon; 0px&semi; height&colon; 0px&semi; line-height&colon; 0px&semi; margin&colon; 0&semi; padding&colon; 0&semi; clear&colon; both&semi;"><&sol;div><&sol;p>&NewLine;

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