<p> ;</p>
<p>Circulatia sangelui este datorata unei diferente de presiune intre sistemul arterial cu presiune mare si sistemul venos cu presiune mica. De exemplu in capilarul venos presiunea se apropie de 0 mmHg.</p>
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<p>Diferenta de presiune este creata de activitatea de pompa a inimii: la fiecare contractie a ventricului stang inima trimite o anumita cantitate de sange (debit bataie) in aorta si arterele mari; crescand presiunea in aceste vase rezulta presiunea maxima sau sistolica.</p>
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<p>In perioada de repaus a inimii (diastola) sangele ajunge in tesuturi prin intermediul arteriolelor care opun o rezistenta la scurgere: rezulta presiunea minima sau diastolica.</p>
<p>Rezistenta la scurgere se explica prin bogatia de fibre musculare ale peretilor arteriolei, care se poate afla in stare de contractie sau dilatatie, &#8222;tonusul de baza&#8221; al arteriolelor, controlat de sistemul neurovegetativ, de diverse substante metabolice, hormoni.</p><div class="amp-ad-wrapper amp_ad_1 ampforwp-incontent-custom-banner ampforwp-incontent-ad3"><amp-ad width="336" height="280" type="sulvo" data-ad="andreilaslau.ro_amp_display_336x280" class="demand-supply"></amp-ad></div>
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<p>Dilatarea si constrictia arteriolelor este determinata de diverse stari fiziologice, efort, digestie.</p>
<p>O activitate crescuta a tonusului datorita cresterii sistemului nervos simpatic, diversi hormoni (adrenalina, aldosteron), de natura renala sau modificari ale tunicii musculare prin fibroscleroza duc la o crestere a presiunii minime.</p>
<p>In unele imprejurari creste predominant presiunea maxima (in efort,</p><div class="b03d97280e765d707d336f444dd9d428" data-index="5" style="float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;">
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<p>emotii) in alte imprejurari se constata chiar in repaus doar o crestere a presiunii maxime (de exemplu la varstnici), sau numai a minimei sau a ambelor presiuni. Se considera hipertensiune arteriala cresterea presiunii maxime peste 140 si minime peste 90 mmHg.</p>
<p>Desigur, descoperirea unei tensiuni cresute nu indica numaidecat o hipertensiune arteriala permanenta (HTA); unele cresteri pot fi trecatoare datorita unei emotivitati mai mari.</p>
<p>Diagnosticul de HTA trebuie confirmat numai daca dupa 3-4 reexaminari succesive se gasesc aceleasi valori crescute in repaus.</p>
<p>Hipertensiunea arterială este influenţată de anumiţi factori de risc. Nu toate persoanele care au risc crescut de hipertensiune vor face boala şi nu toate persoanele care au hipertensiune au factori de risc. Aceşti factori de risc includ:</p>
<p>• Strămoşii afro-americani;</p>
<p>• Vârsta – când numai prima valoare a tensiunii este crescută (adică cea sistolică) se numeşte hipertensiune sistolică izolată care este frecventă la vârstnici;</p><div class="amp-ad-wrapper amp_ad_1 ampforwp-incontent-custom-banner ampforwp-incontent-ad1"><amp-ad width="336" height="280" type="sulvo" data-ad="andreilaslau.ro_amp_display_336x280" class="demand-supply"></amp-ad></div>
<p>• Anxietatea şi stresul;</p>
<p>• Diabetul;</p>
<p>• Alimentaţia bogată în sare;</p>
<p>• Consumul excesiv de alcool;</p>
<p>• Istoricul familial de hipertensiune arterială;</p>
<p>• Sexul masculin;</p>
<p>• Obezitatea;</p>
<p>• Prehipertensiunea;</p>
<p>• Stilul de viaţă sedentar;</p>
<p>• Fumatul sau mestecatul tutunului.</p>
<p>Citeste continuarea pe pagina urmatoare===>;</p>
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